Subversion And Perversion In Two Gentlemen Of Verona and The Jew Of Mal

Disruption and corruption are both unmistakably passed on in both Two Gentlemen of Verona and The Jew of Malta through various mediums. Disruption involves the restriction to cultural guidelines and authority while corruption happens when ethical quality and strict perspectives are negated. The utilization of strictly emblematic articles, joke, sexual insinuation, deception and incongruity are the central issues used to communicate corruption and disruption in this paper. Frequently when a peruser or the crowd is stunned by topics and occurrences happening in plays, it is because of an inclination evoked when one is faced with clear resistance to religion, ethical quality, legislative issues and society. Two Gentlemen of Verona utilize the joke of high society vainglory, rough and unseemly sexual allusion to undermine and unreasonable the subject of marriage. Launce constantly talks impolitely of his lord, sabotaging the social class request of old style Europe by which hirelings must discuss their bosses with respect and hold them in most noteworthy respect. This undercuts the social chain of importance by the usage of joke that disparages his master’s class. My understandings persuade that the staff in this scene, likely could be in reality an allegorical staff. That is, the staff is code for Launce’s phallus. This is a disruption in that it is socially unsuitable to talk in such a way, thusly it negates societies’ manners, and it likewise is a depravity since it is ethically inaccurate and blasphemy to utilize a commonly strictly critical device as a phallic image. At the point when Launce proclaims: â€Å"My staff comprehends me†, he thinks about his m anliness in sexual terms to insight. He discloses to Speed that his sexual drive and want comprehends what he is stating, ev... ...The vital component drawing these plays together is the common utilization of an emblematically critical item. That is, the staff. The staff is disrespected in the way where job it had been given in the plays. In spite of the fact that it is equivocal, the staff gives off an impression of being an allegorical phallic image in the Two Gentlemen of Verona used to pass on to crudity of Launce’s sees on marriage. On the other hand, in The Jew of Malta, it is utilized in a most impious sense †to deride the Christian confidence. The confidence is disparaged when the staff is utilized satirically to ‘support’ the dead Friar and when Jacomo utilizes it with the goal to kill. This is unequivocally amusing. Therefore this paper has demonstrated how incongruity, affectation, joke and sexual insinuation all fill a similar need in these plays †to challenge the general public by the undercutting and debasing good, strict and political codes.

Treatment electronic media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Treatment electronic media - Essay Example Mary is exhausted and lost in torment. Billy, the magnetic leader of the state house visit her to perceive how she is getting along and show his enthusiasm for her. Mary’s absence of energy makes him pitiful, yet he covers his indignation with her present understanding. Lost in anguish and stun, Mary, is kept in a similar living arrangement with ANN, who is likewise a widow. Ann has just found the new way of life. Because of stress and wretchedness, Mary, who have eight months pregnant gotten early work and she brings forth a sound, ricocheting infant kid. The bond between the mother and infant isn't so solid so ANN, hold the little infant kid and nestles her. His name was BOB. Mary recoups gradually as week’s passes by and she acknowledges the new world she joined. The bond among mother and kid begins to develop more grounded after quite a while after and day. ANN offers Mary all help she needs from guidance to help her in the house. ANN discloses to Mary all accounts she knows or she has ever caught wind of the individuals in the state however Mary denies saying she should misrepresent, it can't be valid yet similar individuals have spared her life. They remain together bonds the two like sisters. ANN plan to escape since they have been bolted inside for a long while. They don't have region to this present reality. One night, Ann chooses to escape from the state house at 12 PM, that night she is shot dead. Mary is so stunned at the passing of her solitary sister in the state house. Her anguish returns and she take an asylum with connection with BOB. At whatever point BOB needs to hear tales about his dad Mary didn't have the solidarity to clarify him his dad was dead. She deceives him that his dad disappeared to America quite a while prior, after he discovered that the president needed him dead as he was a senior individual in the administration that time, and she was sure he will come to care for them. This untruth causes her to recuperate the injury of her better half. Billy visits and allot

Neurotherapy Treatment for Addiction

Neurotherapy Treatment for Addiction Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Print Neurotherapy Treatment for Addiction By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 11, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on May 27, 2019 Sciepro/Science Photo Library/Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Many people facing addiction issues end up relapsing, sometimes several times. In some cases, they can be in and out of rehabilitation programs for years without effectively ending their addiction.   Neurotherapy, also known as neurofeedback, is an approach to therapy that can help successfully end the cycle of addiction.   Why Addictions Are Difficult to Treat Unfortunately, addiction is still associated with some stigmas, with some people thinking addiction is caused by weakness, poor self-control or a lack of discipline. This can cause those struggling with addictions to be filled with guilt, shame, and anxiety, making the path to recovery even more difficult. Addiction is a real physiological condition, which is why it is so hard to treat. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Illnesses, 5th edition, the manual used by healthcare professionals to diagnose and treat patients, recognizes addiction as a distinct mental health disorder. Addictive disorders can be severely debilitating, impacting every area of a persons life.   Most treatment models focus on 30-day inpatient stays. However, these programs have a very high relapse rate. More intensive models with a longer duration have higher success rates, but many insurance plans wont cover them. People are left unable to re-acclimate to their normal lives after treatment, increasing the risk of relapse.   What Is Neurotherapy? Unlike other approaches to therapy, neurotherapy treats addiction by focuses on retraining the brain. Many people relapse during times of extreme emotions or stress, so neurotherapy works by teaching techniques that will soothe and calm the brain functions, allowing the person to make rational decisions with a clear mindset.   For some, medication may be used to help reset the brains thinking. This is only a step in recovery and not a long-term solution. Neurotherapy retrains the brain so that even without medication, the person can stay substance-free beyond the 30-day rehabilitation stage.   Neurotherapy is usually included as part of a comprehensive approach to therapy, working alongside other methods like medication, support groups or talk therapy. Studies have shown that when neurotherapy is included in the recovery plan, 85% more of the patients are treated effectively.   How Does It Work? Neurotherapy corrects dysfunctional brain activity that causes irrational behaviors that lead to addiction disorders. Neurotherapy aims to fix the malfunctioning areas linked to arousal, connectivity, and impulse control by replacing these negative behaviors with healthier reactions and habits. This type of therapy requires the patient to be an active participant and helps him or her to be aware of triggers that cause them to engage in addiction. Through neurotherapy, a person gets the necessary tools they need to successfully beat their addiction.   While many people dismiss addictions as a personal weakness, addictive disorders are real and damaging mental illnesses. They require intensive treatment, often involving several different aspects to treat psychological and physiological factors contributing to addiction. Through neurotherapy or neurofeedback, people are given the tools to overcome the malfunctioning of the brain that triggers addictive behaviors. Neurotherapy gives them the chance to beat their addiction, and not relapse, for the long-term.   The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Socrates s Theory Of Knowledge - 1130 Words

In Socrates’ work, Phaedo, transcribed by Plato, Socrates is in jail after loosing his trial. He has been sentenced to death, and is now awaiting to be put to death. On the day of his death, Socrates is visited by a few of his followers who have been loyal for a long time. Fearing his death, they have a last conversation with Socrates trying to get some of the last philosophical knowledge out of him that they can get. In this conversation, Socrates tells his interlocutors a lot about life and virtue. During his final conversation, Socrates mentions that knowledge is a process of recollection, knowledge is present in the soul of the body, and that when knowledge is present, it allows us to make choices to ensure that there is right amounts of moderation in our life to lead a virtuous life. Before getting into his account of knowledge, Socrates has to first get his followers to agree with an underlying principle that must be true in order for his definition of knowledge to work. This is the fact that there are two parts of a human: the body, and the soul. While the body dies, the soul does not. The soul can live on forever. Socrates proves this theory while talking with Cebes. Cebes is not too sure about his thought that the soul is alive before the body. Socrates brings out the argument of opposites. He claims that for everything has an opposite, and there is a special process that exists that transforms it from one state to another (Phaedo 71a-d). He then carries on thisShow MoreRelatedSocrates s Theory Of Knowledge895 Words   |  4 PagesIn Phaedo, Socrates argued that knowledge is not learned, but recollected. Socrates used the example of sticks and stones, proving that our perception of the stones change. The stones may look equal from one angle, but different from another angle. This proves that we understand Equality, but Equality does not exist in the real world because it cannot be a real object. Socrates stated â€Å"we must then possess knowl edge of the Equal before that time we first saw the equal objects and realized that allRead MoreSocrates s Theory Of Recollection1216 Words   |  5 PagesI will show that Socrates answer to Meno s paradox was unsuccessful. First, I will explain what Meno s paradox is and how the question of what virtue is was raised. Second, I will explain Socrates attempt to answer the paradox with his theory of recollection and how he believes the soul is immortal. Third, I will provide an argument for why his response was unsuccessful. This will involve looking at empirical questions, rather than non-empirical questions and how Socrates theory of recollectionRead MorePlato s The Meno, A Greek Philosopher And The Wisest Of All People1216 Words   |  5 PagesPaper 11/4/14 Topic 1 In Plato’s The Meno, Socrates, who was a Greek philosopher and considered one of the wisest of all people expresses his views on the relationship between knowledge and virtue. In todays era, virtue is defined as having good morals as a human being. Knowledge is defined as factual information and skills that are acquired by a person through experience or education. Together Socrates makes a statement and or beliefs, that virtue is knowledge because if you know what is right, youRead MoreSocrates Vs. Plato : The Essential Themes Of The Meno1633 Words   |  7 Pagesessential themes of the Meno, largely because the dialogue sits nearly at the beginning of western philosophy. Socrates and Plato are working not so much in the context of previous philosophies as in the context of the lack of them. Further, this is very probably one of Plato s earliest surviving dialogues, set in about 402 BCE (by extension, we might presume that it represents Socrates at a relatively early stage i n his own thought). Nonetheless, in order to understand the aims and achievementsRead MoreIs Plato s Theory Of Recollection A Plausible Solution For Meno s Paradox Of Knowledge?960 Words   |  4 Pages1301.001 Word Count: Is Plato’s Theory of Recollection a plausible solution to Meno’s Paradox of Knowledge? The general topic is Plato’s theory of recollection. Is Plato’s Theory of Recollection the plausible solution to Meno’s Paradox of Knowledge? Throughout many of his dialogues Plato often concludes that we cannot know something through our senses. He often concludes that we became acquainted with our knowledge in a previous existence. In Meno, Socrates states that, â€Å"As the soul is immortalRead MoreSocrates And Aristotle s Life1491 Words   |  6 Pages forming a foundation upon which Western philosophers build to the present day. Socrates and Aristotle were two key individuals credited for their roles in the advent of Classical philosophy. Men in ancient Greece lived relatively privileged lives (save for war, disease, and lack of indoor plumbing), giving rise to a class of people able to devote time to leisurely pursuits and intellectual inquiry. Indeed, Socrates and Aristotle were far from the only free men in ancient Greece to contemplate truthRead More Plato s Theory Of Recollection1373 Words   |  6 PagesThe general topic is Plato’s theory of recollection. Is Plato’s Theory of Recollection the plausible solution to Meno’s Paradox of Knowledge? Throughout many of his dialogues Plato often concludes that we cannot know something through our senses. He often concludes that we became acquainted with our knowledge in a previous existence. In Meno, Socrates states that, â€Å"As the soul is immortal, has been born often, and has seen all things here and in the underworld, there is nothing which it has not learned;Read MorePlato, An Ancient Greek Philosopher1458 Words   |  6 PagesGreek society. He was a free thinker and lived in a free city, Athens. He was taught by multiple teachers including Socrates who was frequently mentioned in his writings as the central character. Plato’s novel, The Republic, influenced the idea of government and shows his views on the world. Throughout his personal life, writings, and dialogues, Plato shows his value of knowledge and how each of his writings impacted the morals of people in the society. Plato was born in 427 BCE in Athens whichRead MoreSocrates World Views1549 Words   |  7 PagesSocrates Paper The goal of this paper is to discern and construct the world views of Socrates through the various readings, lectures and videos that we have seen in class. Some of these sources include: Socrates by G. Rudebusch; excerpts from The Last Days of Socrates by Plato; and The Allegory of a Cave. Of the nine world views covered in class, I will delve into my interpretation of four of them as seen through the various sources that we have been exposed to in class. These four world views willRead MoreAnalysis Of Aristotle s The Golden Mean 1109 Words   |  5 Pageshuman knowledge in existence during his time, and he was the founder of many new fields. Aristotle was one of the most influential of the ancient Greek philosophers. Aristotle s theory of the Golden Mean was found in his work, Nicomachean Ethics. This theory has also been expressed by other philosophers and in mythological tales, specifically the tale of Daedalus and Icarus. Others ways this theory has been expressed is inscribed at the temple of Delphi, Theano, student of Pythagoras, Socrates and

Radicalism of the American Revolution - 990 Words

In the book Radicalism of the American Revolution, written by Gordon S. Wood, the author states, The Revolution was the most radical and far reaching event in American history.† What about the American Revolution made it so â€Å"radical?† Wood believes it to be so radical because it not only brought change politically from British monarch to American rule which is what we are used to, but it also brought about changes in the basic structure of American society. Within the revolution there was more than just a war, there was a total change to the way that Americans lived and presented themselves. This movement made America the way it is today. Gordon S. Wood, a graduate of Tufts University and Harvard, wrote many books about American history, specifically in the beginning of our nation. He also taught history at Harvard, as well as One Day University. Gordon Wood is seen as an icon when the topic of American history arises. Few have been praised as highly as he for his work in history, and he will be forever remembered as one of the greats in his field (Fischer). In The Radicalism of the American Revolution, Wood splits his main points into three separate pieces of the book, the first being Monarchy, second being Republicanism, and third being Democracy. He uses this three distinct â€Å"phases† of the New World to trace the changes throughout time. He begins with the analysis of the eighteenth century with the societies of America and Britain being controlled by a system ofShow MoreRelatedThe Radicalism of the American Revolution529 Words   |  2 Pages In The Radicalism of the American Revolution Gordon Wood attempts to disprove the common thought that the American Revolution was simply a war for independence from a tyrannical mother country. He explains how America formed such a unique from of government. The form that American government took was a collaboration of many different forms that emphasized the rights of individuals. Woods finds it essential to explain colonial life and the factors that dictated people’s lives to understand howRead More Gordon Wood’s Radicalism of the American Revolution Essay1493 Words   |  6 PagesGordon Wood’s Radicalism of the American Revolution is a book that extensively covers the origin and ideas preceding the American Revolution. Wood’s account of the R evolution goes beyond the history and timeline of the war and offers a new encompassing look inside the social ideology and economic forces of the war. Wood explains in his book that America went through a two-stage progression to break away from the Monarchical rule of the English. He believes the pioneering revolutionaries were rootedRead MoreThe Beginning of Radicalism in Politics1684 Words   |  7 Pagesterm ‘radicalism’ in 1797 when he declared a radical reform of the electoral system. This led people to use the term to show support for the movement of parliamentary reform. Radicalism was initially confined to the middle and upper classes in the 18th century but the lower classes advanced radicalism in the early 1800’s. Radicalism began for many reasons. The Scottish people began to see radical change through the Scottish enlightenment, the American Revolution and the French Revolution. IdeasRead MoreThe Black Of Black Ideology1434 Words   |  6 Pageswithin society. Richard Allen s (1760–1831) creation of the African Episcopal Methodist Church in 1794 and W. E. B. DuBois s call for blacks to build on their group strengths in the 1930s or the 1960s era campaigns for community control of African-American communities are examples of protonationalism. Separatism operates on a different level than protonationalism, with more focus on immigration and creating safe, closed spaces for black people. Pushes for the unification of black people into separateRead MoreEssay on A Radical Revolution1343 Words   |  6 Pageswrites Rosemarie Zagarri, â€Å"is the story of how American women and men sought to define – and ultimately to limit and restrict – the expansive ideals they had so successfully deployed against Britain.† In this excerpt from Revolutionary Backlash, Zagarri depicts the extreme radicalism of the American Revolution, while also suggesting that there were some constraints to its extremism. Unlike the normal way of life in European government and society, Americans desired a nation in which the inherent rightsRead MoreAnalysis of Linda Kerber’s Women of the Republic: Intellect and Ideology in Revolutionary America 690 Words   |  3 Pages Linda Kerber’s Women of the Republic: Intellect and Ideology in Revolutionary America was a refreshing historian analysis of the role of women in our nation’s history. In the early Revolution eras, the political role of women was nonexistent due to the traditional roles held by the patriarchal society the colonists lived in for most of their years. Kerber intertwined her book with an intelligent analysis, but also conveys this analysis in a clear way so that reader can comprehend further. ThroughoutRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1221 Words   |  5 PagesWhen people think of the French Revolution, they immediately think of the country of France and how the Revolution affected it. What most people do not think about however, is how the Revolution affected other countries, specifically the country of England. England was affected positively and negatively by the Revolution in that there was an increase of political involvement, but there was a collapse in the economy due to war declared by France. The French Revolution created a battle of conflictingRead MoreRadicalism and Revolutions Essay1112 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history, revolutions have started because of new ideas that change thinking and disrupt what has come to be considered normal. During 1700s, the American, French, and Haitian Revolutions were no exception. The Enlightenment ideas that were spreading around this time lead people of these three nations to question their ruling elites, and to begin considering breaking free. Of these three, though, no one revolt can be seen as more radical when compared to the other two. Each was faced withRead MoreRadical and Reform Movements in American History1999 Words   |  8 Pagesconflict over the inability of a foreign power to govern an overseas territories without proper representation in the foreign power’s government. This conflict, The American Revolution, may be the first significant radical movement in the history of the United States. However, the American Revolution led to unprecedented reforms in North American society. The Civil War, another significant example of a radical movement in the United States, began as a conflict over the issue of states rights. However, itRead MoreHegels Contradiction in Human History Essay1243 Words   |  5 Pages Ideologies are born as human’s interpretation of the world and belief system, also an endeavor to seek the truth of human nature. Ideologies emerge throughout the periods of great changes: the Enlightenment, the English â€Å"Glorious† Revolution, the American Revolution, etc. They have become the motivations, the standards, and the roots to modern political systems. Their roots are the philosophies developed by famous philosophers throughout the time. However, as each ideology is developed, its own

Backup Free Essays

Backup or backing up refers to the process of making copies of data to save and restore the original data incase of loss event also known as disaster recovery. Backup is so important in view of the fact that loss of data often happen in most machine users as their computers are habitually in the high risk of going wrong, failure in the hard disk does happen. The most common problems today that may result in loss of data are the threat to viruses. We will write a custom essay sample on Backup or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although some viruses do not affect the file or the computer itself, some does and may even infect the hard disks of your computer resulting in data loss. David Smith estimated that 6% of all the personal computers suffer data loss every year (Boston Computing Network, 2010). Also, about 31% of PC users have experience data loss due to uncontrollable events (Boston Computing Network, 2010). When do you take backup (daily, weekly, on significant changes to data)? I personally do not set a specific schedule for backing up files because it has my habit to save a copy of important data. I also backup files when I make changes to them and so there is no need to have a schedule time for taking backup of files. In case of accidental loss of data, I do not have to worry since I have copies of all the files that are important to me. Do you schedule backups automatically? If so how? If not, how can you be sure to do them? No, I do not schedule automatic backups. As I have mentioned, it has been my habit to take backups whenever significant changes are made to my files. Thus, I am certain to have copies of all the files that I need. How do you take backup – manually, using the Copy facilities in the Windows Explorer? If so, describe the process; or do you have some other backup program? If so, what is it, and why do you like to use it? I take backups manually. I have to plug the storage device and manually save the data in order to create copies of it. I do not use back programs since I do not view taking backup as a task but rather I see it as an enjoyable thing to do since it gives me the certainly that in cases of data loss, I always have a copy. Where do you store the backup files (ie on what device and in what physical location) and why did you make that choice? Include costs, if any)? I have two primary devices used for data storage; flash disk and external hard disk. I used the flask disk for files that require changing in a short period of time, mostly school stuffs. On the other hand, I use the external hard disk for files that I rarely use as well as for large volume files. Still, I also use CDR’s for data that I wish not to be changed, mostly program files and installers. In the case that I am employed and required to use my personal computer for work related task, the only threat that I see is the privacy which can easily be handled by organizing files and folders. I believe that there would be no significant changes that must be done but I would need another hard disk in order to maintain that organization of my files. My original hard disk will be used for the backups of my personal files while the other will be used for work related documents. I would also have to change the allotment on my PC in order to cope with the changes. I will have to create partitions on the disks in order separate personal to work use: one partition for work use, one for personal use and another extra partition for other files. My flash disk would serve the same purpose as before, for files that often requires changes but both for personal and work related task. Thus, the only cost associated with the changes is another external hard disk for work related files as well as the time for making necessary changes. How to cite Backup, Papers

William Shakespeare (Essay) Example For Students

William Shakespeare (Essay) Ask anyone who Shakespeare was, and he or she will immediately rattle off at least three different plays that were required readings in English, not to mention a few blockbuster movies bearing his name. Many revere the works of Shakespeare as paramount in the world of literature, dedicating entire books, classes and festivals to the study and celebration of his work. Although the ancient language is a common stumbling block for even the most seasoned readers, his varied tales of love, hate, fear, betrayal, laughter, defeat and victory are just as fitting today as they were four hundred years ago. He is amazingly timeless. Yet, while we might know what Shakespeare is, will we ever really know who Shakespeare was? Ah, theres the rub!Much about the Bard is a mystery to even the most scholarly enthusiasts. The hard facts that are actually known about him could fill one neatly handwritten page, but what is speculated and complete legend could fill volumes of books. So, what is fact and wh at is fiction? According to the little documentation that chronicles his life, Shakespeare was not even a true Shakespeare at all; he was born in April 1596 and entered in the baptismal record as Gulielmus filius Johannis Shakespeare. Even his actual date of birth is somewhat of a mystery. While we do know that he was baptized on April 26th, 1564, there is no existing record of his birth date. We can assume that he was born on April 23rd judging by the customary three-day period that most families waited before baptizing their children, but this is only speculation. We will write a custom essay on William Shakespeare () specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Since the records of the Stratford grammar school have not survived, we cannot prove that Shakespeare attended school. In all actuality, we have no evidence that he was even literate. His father had no educational training, so it is quite possible that he also lacked in schooling, but thats only guesswork. The next piece of hard information that we come across in our search is a register entry showing a Wm. Shakspere being granted a license to marry Anne Whateley on November 27, 1582. The very next day this same register records a marriage bond issued to William Shakespeare and Anne Hathwey. Six months later Anne gave birth to their first child, daughter Susanna Shakespeare, and then in February 1585 she gave birth to twins, Hamnet and Judith. It is presumed that Shakespeare made it to London around 1595 to begin his career in the theatre, but the exact date is not known for sure. Just as mysterious is his reason why he left his wife and children alone in Stratford. Sadly, Hamnet die d in August of 1596, and from that point forward we have no more information regarding his family until 1616, the year of his death. There are enough legal documents and theatre records, though, to know that Shakespeare goes on to possess a generous amount of real estate, hold shares in an acting company that built the Globe Theatre, and become a principal player in the acting group The Kings Men (A Midsummer Nights Dream xxx-xxxi). There are many theories and stories floating around that seem to fill in the gaping holes in his timeline, but since this information doesnt appear in a register or on a playbill, we dont know what is fact or fiction. On January 25th, 1616, Shakespeare signs his will in three places leaving the majority of his estate to his eldest daughter, Susanna, and his second-best bed to his wife (All Shakespeare). He died three months later on April 23rd, and was buried in Stratford, yet his name does not appear on the stone over his grave. According the web site All Shakespeare, his supposed tombstone reads:Good friend for Iesus Sake forbeareTo dig the dust encloased heare:Blest be ye man yt spares thes stonesAnd curst be he yet moves my bones. It doesnt sound very Shakespearian, does it?Seven years after his death his collected plays were published as Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, Tragedies (the work now known as the First Folio) (Midsummer Nights Dream xxxii). Everything beyond this is myth and legend, which most certainly adds to the attraction of his works. His brilliant writing can only be enhanced by the mystery surrounding his life. The question is, was it really his brilliant writing? Many theories exist regarding who the author really is, with over eighty Elizabethans put forward since the middle of the eighteenth century as the true Shakespeare, including Queen Elizabeth herself. Only four have merited serious consideration, though: Sir Francis Bacon, Christopher Marlowe, William Stanley (Sixth Earl of Derby), and Edward de Vere, the 17th Earl of Oxford (Shakespeare-Oxford). For the sake of space, (and personal preference), this paper will focus on the possibility of de Veres authorship, as well as the limitations on Shakespeares true authorship of the works. Contrasting the life of William Shakespeare, much is known about the life of Edward de Vere. He was born on April 12th, 1550 in Essex at Castle Hedingham as the 17th Earl of Oxford. As in Hamlet, his mother remarried in haste upon his fathers untimely death, making him ward of the court, and subsequently placed into the care of William Cecil (Lord Burghl ey), Lord Treasurer of England. As a teenager a Latin scholar (whose English translation of Ovids Metamorphoses is the second most influential work for Shakespeare, next to the bible), tutored him. By the age of twenty, de Vere had received two masters degrees from Queens College in Cambridge, and studied law for three years at Grays Inn. Once Cecil could wield power over the young Earl of Oxford, he broke off a previous marriage contract and instead betrothed him to his daughter Anne for the political advancement of the Cecil clan. Although the marriage produced three surviving daughters, it was not a happy one; Anne died in 1588 (Shakespeare-Oxford). De Vere is listed as the first among the poets of the Elizabethan period, and was also an active dramatist at the time. He maintained a band of tumblers as well as two theatre companies, Oxfords Boys and Oxfords Men, throughout the 1580s. He held an ardent interest in learning, and had 33 works of literature dedicated to him. He had a passion for travel, was a patron to the arts, and generally was a favorite in the court. In short, he was well educated and traveled, and had a strong knowledge of the inner workings of the court. So far, he seems to be at least qualified to have written the works of Shakespeare. .u2933f990740e9651b346e6c8c400dd87 , .u2933f990740e9651b346e6c8c400dd87 .postImageUrl , .u2933f990740e9651b346e6c8c400dd87 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2933f990740e9651b346e6c8c400dd87 , .u2933f990740e9651b346e6c8c400dd87:hover , .u2933f990740e9651b346e6c8c400dd87:visited , .u2933f990740e9651b346e6c8c400dd87:active { border:0!important; } .u2933f990740e9651b346e6c8c400dd87 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2933f990740e9651b346e6c8c400dd87 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2933f990740e9651b346e6c8c400dd87:active , .u2933f990740e9651b346e6c8c400dd87:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2933f990740e9651b346e6c8c400dd87 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2933f990740e9651b346e6c8c400dd87 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2933f990740e9651b346e6c8c400dd87 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2933f990740e9651b346e6c8c400dd87 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2933f990740e9651b346e6c8c400dd87:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2933f990740e9651b346e6c8c400dd87 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2933f990740e9651b346e6c8c400dd87 .u2933f990740e9651b346e6c8c400dd87-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2933f990740e9651b346e6c8c400dd87:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie Essay PaperIn the early 1590s de Vere met and married Elizabeth Trentham, one of the Queens maids of honor. In 1592 she bore their only child, Henry, who was heir to the earldom, but by this time he was deeply in debt and had lost all of his inherited estates. He died in June of 1604, and is presumably buried in buried in St. Augustines church, although there is also testimony that he lies buried in Westminster. So you ask, Why not the Shakespeare of Stratford? Why not just accept his authorship? Its not so much what he we know about him that is troublesome, but its what we dont know about him that makes it difficult to believe he could be the author of some of the greatest works in the history of mankind. In the time when the plays and writings of Shakespeare were tremendously popular, not a single person in the Elizabethan age directly addresses the identity of Shakespeare. In an age of letters and letter writing, nobody we know of ever corresponded with Shakespeare, and in an age of books, no record, not even Shakespeares will, ever points to his owning or using a single book (Van Duyn). His will, noted for its detailed disposition of his worldly possessions, there is no mention of manuscripts or anything of literary interest. Historys greatest manhunt has only netted six examples of the mans handwriting: all of the signatures on legal documents writing by other people, and all spelled in different ways. Incidentally, the first syllable in all of these signatures is spelled Shak, whereas the published plays and poems consistently spell the name Shake (Shakespeare-Oxford). In 1920 Thomas Looney published a book titled Shakespeare Identified in Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, which was the first to identify the Earl of Oxford as the author of the works by William Shakespeare. From this book sparked a wildfire of debate surrounding the issue of authorship, creating passionate supporters on either side of the issue. The Oxfordians, as de Veres many supporters are known, have long ago established their own society and remain dedicate to the cause of proving his authorship. In 1975, the Encyclopedia Britannica (15th edition) commented that, Edward de Vere became in the 20th century the strongest candidate proposed for the authorship of Shakespeares plays (Shakespeare-Oxford). This guy seems to be a contender. The evidence supporting the Earl of Oxford is arguably strong. Whomever wrote the varied works of Shakespeare had to be familiar with a enormous body of knowledge for his time, including such subjects as law, music, foreign languages, the classics, sports and aristocratic manners. There is n o documentation of Shakespeare of Stratford having access to such information (Shakespeare-Oxford). Also, when de Vere was a young man, he spent much time traveling, particularly in Italy, which could explain the great detail used in the Shakespearean plays of Venice, as well as other European locations outside of England. There are no records of the Queen ever granting passage to Shakespeare, or Shakespeare, for travels abroad. Extremely strong evidence in favor of the Oxfordian theory is the acutely accurate knowledge of the inner court circles, as well as the political dealings within the monarchy. Throughout plays depicting royal families, such as King Richard and Hamlet, many inside conspiracies, jokes, and hidden knowledge of family disputes are riddled throughout the dialogues. These things were not common knowledge at the time, and only someone inside of the court could have been able to include it in the plays in such subtle ways. The true author must also have had intimate knowledge of some rare great works of literature. Works such as Venus and Adonis indicate not only knowledge of Goldings translation of Ovids Metamorphoses, but of the original as well, since Venus and Adonis translates many of Ovids lines omitted by Golding. Heres the tie-in to de Vere: Arthur Golding was the Earl of Oxfords uncle and lived in the Cecil household during the time that de Vere was a ward of Cecils. Golding also dedicated two of his other translations to the 17th Earl of Oxford (Shakespeare-Oxford). During the period that one of Edward de Veres daughters was betrothed to marry the Earl of Southampton, Shakespeares epic poems, Venus and Adonis and Lucrece, first appeared bearing a dedication to the Earl of Southampton. According to many scholars, Midsummer Nights Dream first graced the stage at another of de Veres daughters weddings (Van Duyn). In a 1589 book of poetry and poets, there is a mysterious reference to men of the court who have suffered it to be published without their own names to it and goes on to mention Edward de Vere as the best of these courtier poets if only his doings would be found out and made public with the rest. When Oxford passed away in 1604, King James had eight Shakespeare plays produced at court as a final tribute. When his widow died nine years later, fourteen Shakespeare plays were produced in tribute. Then in 1623, when two brothers put Shakespeares First Folio together, one of the men happened to be de Veres son-in-law. There are also many similarities between the works of Shakespeare and the life of de Vere. For example, in 1573 de Vere and several of his friends would play pranks and tricks on travelers along the same road between Rochester and Gravesend where prince Hals companions from the Boars Head Tavern did likewise in Henry IV, Part 1. (As a side note, its interesting that the Vere family crest featured a boars head on it.) Another more obvious example is the striking similarities between Hamlet and the actual life of the Earl of Oxford. Its practically an autobiography. Scholars have agreed that William Cecil inspired the character of Polonius, and the death of the King quickly followed by the Queens marriage reflects de Veres own parental circumstances. .ub24f7786541f8d6221263b4e3949be3e , .ub24f7786541f8d6221263b4e3949be3e .postImageUrl , .ub24f7786541f8d6221263b4e3949be3e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub24f7786541f8d6221263b4e3949be3e , .ub24f7786541f8d6221263b4e3949be3e:hover , .ub24f7786541f8d6221263b4e3949be3e:visited , .ub24f7786541f8d6221263b4e3949be3e:active { border:0!important; } .ub24f7786541f8d6221263b4e3949be3e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub24f7786541f8d6221263b4e3949be3e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub24f7786541f8d6221263b4e3949be3e:active , .ub24f7786541f8d6221263b4e3949be3e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub24f7786541f8d6221263b4e3949be3e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub24f7786541f8d6221263b4e3949be3e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub24f7786541f8d6221263b4e3949be3e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub24f7786541f8d6221263b4e3949be3e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub24f7786541f8d6221263b4e3949be3e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub24f7786541f8d6221263b4e3949be3e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub24f7786541f8d6221263b4e3949be3e .ub24f7786541f8d6221263b4e3949be3e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub24f7786541f8d6221263b4e3949be3e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Klee EssayThe similarities also exist in the Shakespearean Sonnets as well. In Sonnet 37 and 66 he speaks of a frustrating lameness, not once, but several times. William Shakespeare may have been many things, but nowhere has it been documented that he was injured in a way that would have rendered him lame. On the other hand, de Vere was involved in a knife fight with a man named Knyvet who was seeking revenge on an illegitimately borne child by his cousin Ann Vavasour. The fight did produce a gaping wound on de Veres leg, and the illegitimate child created a temporary fall from the Queens grace and time served in the Tower of London. The most recent and compelling evidence that has been found supporting the Earl of Oxford lies in the studies of a graduate student Roger Stritmatter. He has spent the last five years researching the Shakespeare authorship question, and in the process discovered de Veres hand-annotated copy of the bible. It contains more than a hundred verses marked by de Vere that are also recognized by scholars today as primary biblical references in Shakespeares work. For instance, In Hamlet, Act 3, Scene 3,hamlet states that He took my father grossly, full of bread. The words full of bread have long been recognized by scholars as a reference to Ezekiel chapter 16, verse 49. Over a span of over 300 verses in the book of Ezekiel, he marks only one: Ezekiel 16:49. Another example is in King Henry IV, Part Two; the character Falstaff delivers the insult whoreson Achitophel! This is a direct reference to II Samuel 16:23, which de Vere underlined. In The Merry Wives of Windsor Falstaff brags, I fear no t Goliath with a weavers beam. Not only is has de Vere marked the scriptural source; he also underlined the words weavers beam within the biblical verse (Van Duyn). Granted, quoting Jesus from the scriptures is not exactly remarkable, but these are not common scriptures- they are ones that are arcane. Its beyond coincidence. Ironically, his bible was found in the great Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington, and has been there since 1925. While it might be easy for many to accept Edward de Veres authorship of the Shakespearean works, the more difficult question to answer is why he wouldnt sign his own name to the works. Many theories exist regarding this, one of which is that the subject matter in his works (killing a king and queen, for example) made it necessary to distance the writer from the work. Another is that it was unacceptable for courtiers to produce written works, so he paid Shakespeare to allow him to use his name on de Veres manuscripts. Sadly, this is a small but important fact that we will probably never know. But there again lies the beauty of the Shakespeare mystery. Although the subject of the true authorship of Shakespeares literature will probably never be laid to rest, it will always contribute to the enjoyment of studying his work. Students of the subject are compelled to read and re-read the plays and sonnets in an attempt to gain a better understanding of who was holding the pen. Debates involving fact and fiction keep the name Shakespeare in constant movement, reminding us that we have not outgrown him, not even after four hundred years. The writing of Shakespeare, whomever Shakespeare is, is a gift for us to continue unwrapping, and pass down to our children to appreciate as well. One must hope that the mystery will never be solved, so that it may never lose its magic. WORKS CITEDCharters, Ann. The Story and Its Writer. 5th (ed). Boston: Bedford/ St. Martins, 1999. What a great book of short stories. I find myself feeling the lives of each short story. It gave powerful information that I used through out my speech. Shakespeare, William. A Midsummer Nights Dream. New York: Washington Square Press, 1996. I originally read this in high school and again I found myself reading it to use it in my paper. In this play Shakespeare tries to entertain us with supernatural beings in a forest who more or less take humans under their influence to make them enjoy life and love as the only aims of humanity. Shakespeare Oxford Society. 27 Jun. 2001. http://www.shakespeare-oxford.comThis web sight was very useful in many ways. It had information on skeptics who have viewed Shakespeares work, a Shakespeare discussion page where you can go to talk basically about anything having to relate to Shakespeare, and it also helped me out a lot because it linked to a lot of other Shakespeare websites. Ogburn, Charlton. The Mysterious William Shakespeare: The Myth the Reality, New York: Simon Schuster Inc. 1992This is the finest work on the authorship question. If you have the patience, you will read the entire bulk of evidence backing up the idea that De Vere was in fact William Shakespeare. This book was amazing and it gave me loads of facts about De Vere and Shakespeare. Loney, J. Thomas. Shakespeare Identified in Edward De Vere, Seventeenth Earl of Oxford, and the Poems of Edward De Vere. Lancaster, Pennsylvania Star Publishers. 1976. This book introduced the new idea that an aristocrat named Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford (1550- 1604), wrote the works of Shakespeare under a false name. Oxford is now considered the leading candidate for the authorship of the Shakespeare rule largely because of the influence this book has had. Words/ Pages : 3,080 / 24